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Notes by RBJ on

Meaning and Necessity

A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic

by Rudolf Carnap

Content Listing Only (enlarged edition, 1956)

I.THE METHOD OF EXTENSION AND INTENSION
 §1Preliminary Explanations
 §2L-Concepts
 §3Equivalence and L-Equivalence
 §4Classes and Properties
 §5Extensions and Intensions
 §6Extensions and Intensions of Sentences
 §7Individual Descriptions
 §8Frege's Method for Descriptions
 §9Extensions and Intensions of Individual Expressions
 §10Variables
 §11Extensional and Intensional Contexts
 §12The Principles of Interchangeability
 §13Sentences about Beliefs
 §14Intensional Structure
 §15Applications of the Concept of Intensional Structure
 §16Lewis' Method of Meaning Analysis
II.L-DETERMINACY
 §17L-Determinate Designators
 §18The Problem of L-Determinacy of Individual Expressions
 §19Definition of L-Determinacy of Individual Expressions
 §20L-Determinacy of Predicators
 §21Logical and Descriptive Signs
 §22L-Determinate Intensions
 §23Reduction of Extensions to Intensions
III.THE METHOD OF THE NAME-RELATION
 §24The Name-Relation
 §25An Ambiguity in the Method of the Name-Relation
 §26The Unnecessary Duplication of Names
 §27Names of Classes
 §28Frege's Distinction between Nominatum and Sense
 §29Nominatum and Sense: Extension and Intension
 §30The Disadvantages of Frege's Method
 §31The Antinomy of the Name-Relation
 §32Solutions of the Antinomy
IV.ON METALANGUAGES FOR SEMANTlCS
 §33The Problem of a Reduction of the Entities
 §34The Neutral Metalanguage M'
 §35M' Is Not Poorer than M
 §36Neutral Variables in M'
 §37On the Formulation of Semantics in the Neutral Metalanguage M'
 §38On the Possibility of an Extensional Metalanguage for Semantics
V.ON THE LOGIC OF MODALITIES
 §39Logical Modalities
 §40Modalities and Variables
 §41Semantical Rules for the Modal System S2
 §42Modalities in the Word Language
 §43Modalities and Variables in the Word Language
 §44Quine on Modalities
 §45Conclusions
 SUPPLEMENT
 AEmpiricism, Semantics, and Ontology
 BMeaning Postulates
 COn Belief-Sentences. Reply to Alonzo Church
 DMeaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages
 EOn Some Concepts of Pragmatics
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INDEX


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